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Film contains light-sensitive silver-halide crystals whose silver ions clump together when light reaches them; these clumps of silver form the image on a photographic negative. As more light strikes the film, more silver ions clump together, and the image on the negative becomes darker. A well-exposed negative will have a readily visible image on it, but because more light causes a larger buildup of silver ions, the areas that received more light will actually be darker on the film, while the areas that received less light will be lighter. This results in a "negative" image, hence the name. When light is projected through the negative onto light-sensitive paper (which also records dark areas as light and vice-versa), a positive image results.
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| Positive Image | Negative Image |
Notice that all the light areas of the photograph (left) appear dark on the negative (right.) In the areas on the film that received more light (such as the girl's hand), more silver ions clumped together, resulting in a darker area on the negative, while those areas that received less light (such as the shadow under her hand) are much lighter on the negative.
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| Introduction | Exposure & light | Controlling exposure | Effects of shutter speed & aperture | Lenses | Composition |
